Interní Med. 2002; 4(8): 392-395

Stenty s lokálním uvolňováním léků k prevenci restenózy po koronárních intervencích

prof. MUDr. Michael Aschermann DrSc1, MUDr. Jan Horák CSc2,1, MUDr. Vít Řezníček1, MUDr. Stanislav Šimek1, MUDr. František Holm CSc3, MUDr. Ondřej Aschermann4
1 II. interní klinika kardiologie a angiologie 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha
2 EuroMISE centrum - Kardio, Praha
3 Kardiologické oddělení, Krajská nemocnice Liberec
4 Nemocnice na Homolce, Praha

Keywords: coronary angioplasty, stents, restenosis, sirolimus, paclitaxel.

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

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Aschermann M, Horák J, Řezníček V, Šimek S, Holm F, Aschermann O. Stenty s lokálním uvolňováním léků k prevenci restenózy po koronárních intervencích. Interní Med. 2002;4(8):392-395.

Restenóza po koronárních intervencích je hlavní limitací těchto metod revaskularizace myokardu. Vyskytuje se u 30-50% nemocných po balonkové angioplastice, přibližně u 20% nemocných po implantaci koronárních stentů. Systémové podávání různých farmak nevedlo ke snížení výskytu vzniku restenózy. Lokální aplikace záření - radiace beta nebo gama - sice snižuje výskyt restenózy do 6 měsíců po intervenci, má však řadu problematických míst a dlouhodobé výsledky prokazují pozdější vznik restenózy, častěji v oblastech ke stentu přilehlých. První příznivé výsledky přinášejí studie, ve kterých jsou nemocným implantovány stenty, které umožňují lokální aplikaci látek, zabraňujících neointimální proliferaci. Dosud jsou známé výsledky studií First In Man, RAVEL a SIRIUS, ve kterých byly implantovány stenty BX Velocity, kryté polymerem, obsahujícím sirolimus (rapamycin) a studií TAXUS I a II, ve kterých byly použity stenty NIR, pokryté polymerem obsahujícím paclitaxel. Obě účinné látky, inhibující různými mechanizmy buněčný cyklus, vedly k úplnému potlačení vzniku restenózy, která se v uvedených souborech nemocných vůbec nevyskytovala. Probíhají další studie, které mají uvedený příznivý efekt potvrdit. Některé další látky jsou v počátcích klinického zkoušení (tacrolimus - studie PRESENT a EVIDENT), jiné byly již z používání staženy, protože neprokázaly příznivé účinky (dexometazon, batimastat).

Drug-eluting stents for prevention of restenosis after coronary intervention

Restenosis is a very important limitation of the percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease. Coronary stent implantation decreases the incidence of restenosis, which is still about 20-30%. Systemic administration of drugs and use of other devices for restenosis prevention, such as directional coronary atherectomy, rotational atherectomy and lasers, has not decreased the incidence of restenosis. Intracoronary radiation has been effective for the treatment of in-stent restenosis, but not for the treatment of de novo lesions. Drug-eluting stents have emerged as a promising solution for restenosis. The studies in First In Man and RAVEL, using BX Velocity stents covered with polymer containing sirolimus, showed very good results of up to two years follow-up, with binary restenosis rates being 0% in both studies. Also NIR stents with polymer coating containing paclitaxel, used in TAXUS I and TAXUS II trials, showed 0% binary restenosis after a 6 months follow-up. Several other trials with sirolimus, tacrolimus and paclitaxel are ongoing. Studies with dexamethasone and batimastat were halted, because of negative results with active drug covered stents. Promising results from the first trials must be confirmed by results from ongoing larger randomized trials.

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