Pohodlná cesta tabletek?

Mgr. Monika Plocová, adiktolog

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 115  

Chronic pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome

MUDr. Milan Sova, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 118-120 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.022  

This review is focused on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome; mainly on new findings in this field ofresearch and on common risk factors and mechanisms mutually influencing both metabolic syndrome and chronic obstructivepulmonary disease.

Recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases

prof. MUDr. Jan Bultas, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 121-126  

The present review of advances in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases deals with three areas: anti-inflammatory treatment of atherosclerosis,current effect of acetylsalicylic acid, and comparison of strategies for LDL-cholesterol reduction. The first part demonstratesthe possibility of anti-inflammatory treatment of atherogenesis with a monoclonal antibody (canakinumab) inactivating interleukin1β. The effect of inflammation in atherogenesis and thrombogenesis is demonstrated using additional examples – periodontitis oracute viral infection. The current effect of acetylsalicylic acid in women, the elderly, or diabetics has been confirmed...

Are there caveats in a treatment of CAD?

doc. MUDr. Tomáš Kovárník, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 127-130 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.023  

Authors summarise possible caveats in a treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). In the first line they underline proper indicationfor coronary revascularization based on a prove of myocardial ischemia. Further important point is adequate lipid-loweringtherapy leading to atherosclerosis regression. Lipid-lowering therapy is frequently used in insufficient doses not leading to therequired target levels for secondary prevention in the patients with CAD. But only those targets levels lead to regression ofcoronary atherosclerosis and then to decrease of the risk for ischemic coronary events.

Allergic manifestations of upper airways

MUDr. Eliška Kopelentová

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 131-135  

Allergic rhinitis is the most common manifestation of upper airways allergies. Differential diagnosis of rhinitis is associated withboth a division of rhinitis into three elementary phenotypes (allergic rhinitis, infectious rhinitis and nonallergic noninfectiousrhinitis) and with the knowledge of co-morbidities of allergic rhinitis. Treatment of allergic diseases requires a close co-operationamong a GP, allergologist and otorhinolaryngologist.

Role of nephrologist in the treatment of cardiorenal syndrome

MUDr. Vladimíra Bednářová, CSc.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 136-138 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.055  

The kidneys play an important role in removing toxic substances from the body and in maintaining water and electrolyte balance.Various body systems are affected by complications arising from the acute or chronic renal insufficiency. Cardiorenal syndromeis defined as a combined disorder of the kidneys and of the cardiovascular system. It is classified into five subtypes primarilybased upon the organ that initiated the insult as well as the clinical presentation. Acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ mayinduce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. The treatment of patients with cardiorenal syndrome is challenging. The treatingphysician should...

Anaphylaxis – diagnosis and management

doc. MUDr. Petr Kučera, Ph.D., MUDr. Iva Strnadová

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 139-142 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.025  

Anaphylaxis is a clinical emergency, all healtcare professinals should be familiar with its diagnosis and acute and ongoing management.Here, we present updated recommendations for recognition, risk factor assesment and patiens management.

New oral anticoagulants and gastroenterology

MUDr. PharmDr. Kamil Rudolf, Ph.D., MBA

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 144-146 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.026  

New oral anticoagulants, also known as direct oral anticoagulants due to their direct inhibitory effects towards thrombin or factorXa, represent a progressive group of antithrombotic drugs in clinical therapy. Regarding alimentary tract, it is necessary to respectthe pharmacokinetic processes of absorption and metabolic conversion of effective compounds to achieve the particular pharmacologicaleffect. In addition, particular risks of bleeding, dyspeptic discomfort and hepatopathy are to be concerned too. Theevaluation of the actual risk of bleeding versus thrombotic complication introduces the special case of intervention endoscopicgastroenterology.

Simultaneous ultrasound‑guided percutaneous ethanol injection therapy of two thyroid cysts

MUDr. Milan Halenka, Ph.D., Bc. Charlotte Mlčochová

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 147-149 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.027  

Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Ethanol Injection Therapy (US-PEIT) has been already established as a routine and safe treatmentof symptomatic thyroid cysts. Preferably it can be used in young women who refuse surgery. For the vast majority of patients,ethanol sclerotherapy is used to resolve one dominant cyst. Exceptionally, two or more large cysts can be solved in multinodulargoiter. In such a case, it is more appropriate and less risky to perform therapy in several steps (each cyst separately). In the centrewith long time experience and consistent results simultaneous US-PEIT can be done. Successful simultaneous ethanol sclerotherapyof two thyroid...

Low back pain in the elderly

MUDr. Tereza Andrašinová, MUDr. Eva Kalíková, doc. MUDr. Blanka Adamová, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 151-155  

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common disabling conditions among adults 60+ years old. The severity and chronicity ofthis clinical syndrome clearly increase with age. The annual prevalence of LBP in the elderly population ranges between 13–50%.Pain is usually caused by functional and non-specific degenerative changes of the spine, but in the elderly population the differenttypes of pathology such as osteoporotic fractures, spinal tumors, or infections, may play a role. Diagnostic procedure should befocused on detection of symptoms of serious spinal pathology, called "red flags". Insufficient pain treatment may lead to sleepdisturbances,...

Vascular dementia

MUDr. Filip Caisberger, doc. MUDr. Martin Vališ, Ph.D.

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): 156-159  

This article presents a brief practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of vascular dementia.

Autoimunne haemolytic anaemia as a complication of a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

MUDr. Barbora Havlíčková

Interní Med. 2018; 20(3): e9-e14 | DOI: 10.36290/int.2018.056  

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder with a low malignancy whose essence is a clonal proliferationof malignant transformed B-lymphocytes, with impaired abilities while apoptotic destruction and uncontrolled proliferation.Their combination of subsequently experiencing is a gradual increase in the quantity of lymphocytes. This disease is associatedwith many infectious and autoimmune complications in the absence of a physiological response to antigenic stimulus. It is mostoften autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) and autoimmune thrombocytopenia. The prognosis of the disease is heterogenous,disease treatment is comprehensive...