Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Jindřiška Perušičová DrSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4)

New guidelines for management od type 2 DM

prof. MUDr. Jindřiška Perušičová DrSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 158-162  

In 2006 two new guidelines for management of type 2 DM were published (IDF, ADA and EASD). Non-farmacological intervention (lifestyle) is still consider as a permanent and non-substitutable kind of the type 2 diabetes management. Drug of the first choice among oral agents is metformin in all type 2 diabetics (with exception of contraindication). Sulphonylurea and glinides are drugs of second choice and glitazones are recommended for combination treatment. Insulin is possible and suitable treatment with necessity of adeguate education and following the principle of early begining.

The treatment of lipid disorders in diabetic patients

doc. MUDr. Vladimír Soška CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 163-166  

The prevalence of lipid disorders in diabetic patients is very high. It is necessary to differentiate between secondary dyslipidemia caused by insufficient diabetes compensation and dyslipidemia as a separate disorder associated with diabetes mellitus. The combined hyperlipidemia is a typical finding, frequently associated with a decrease of HDL-cholesterol. Frequently we encounter also an increase of apolipoprotein B100 and increased concentration of small LDL3. Target blood levels of lipids are the same as in patients in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. A good control of diabetes, optimizing of body weight, dietary changes and regular...

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

MUDr. Pavlína Lisá

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 167-169  

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease that was first described in 1958. Subsequently, over 240 case reports and small series have described at least 500 cases in the literature. Characterized by the alveolar accumulation of surfactant components with minimal interstitial inflammation or fibrosis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis has a variable clinical course ranging from spontaneous resolution to death with pneumonia or respiratory failure. The most effective proven treatment – whole lung lavage – was described soon after the first recognition of this disease.

Peripheral vascular disease of lower extremities

MUDr. Dalibor Musil Ph.D

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 170-174  

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) of lower extremities is an atherothrombotic syndrome accompanied by a progressive narrowing of arteries of lower extremities. It is an important indicator of diffuse arterial involvement. The disease may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. Principle risk factors for PVD of lower extremities are advanced age, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Further risk factors are hypertension, dyslipidemia, male sex, high plasmatic levels of homocystein, fibrinogen and glucose, history of myocardial infarction, TIA, stroke and heart failure. A classical example of PVD of lower extremities in a so far asymptomatic patient is a presentation...

Detection of premature atherosclerosis

MUDr. Jan Piťha CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 175-177  

The first manifestation of atherosclerosis could be a life threatening clinical event. Detection of preclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients is therefore of critical importance. Non-invasive screening of arteries for atherosclerosis is one of the best possibilities to reach this goal. Measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) by highly sensitive ultrasound is one of the most promising methodologies. This methodology is able to improve risk assessment in an individual patient, further improve our knowledge about associations between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis and in group of patients to monitor...

Thyrotoxicosis and the influence of thyroid hormones and bone tissue

MUDr. Karel Starý, MUDr. Vítězslav Ruber, MUDr. Milan Dastych jr

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 178-179  

Thyrotoxicosis is a frequent disease of thyroid gland with prevalence of 27/1000 females and 1.6-2.3/1000 males. Besides a current impact on metabolism of a patient it has an unfavourable influence on the quality of bone mass. The presented case represents an increased risk of fractures in patients with chronic decompensate thyrotoxicosis, especially with accumulation of other risk factors.

Current trends in parenteral nutrition

doc. MUDr. Miroslav Tomíška CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 180-183  

Parenteral nutrition has currently become an effective way of nutrition support for most patients who are unable to be fed by gut. Advances of parenteral feeding mainly include provision of new lipid emulsions and supplementation of glutamine to support immune functions and prevent infections. Nevertheless, the composition of contemporary parenteral nutrition is not ideal by far. Infectious and metabolic complications continue to be among risks of the procedure and therefore it is necessary to respect right indications and strictly follow safe practices for parenteral nutrition.

Asthma - news in the diagnosis and therapy

doc. MUDr. Milan Teřl Ph.D

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 184-187  

In the Czech Republic there are, at a guess, 800 000 asthmatics, from that most of them in the care of specialists in internal diseases, general practitioners and pediatricians. The article is dedicated first place to these doctors. Its objective is to draw their attention to practical aspects and difficulties concerning the diagnosis and therapy of asthma and, at the same time, to inform the readers about new diagnostic and therapeutical possibilities.

Recidivující synkopa jako vedoucí symptom u parciálního centrálního diabetes insipidus

MUDr. Antonín Dufka, MUDr. Tomáš Šálek

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 195-197  

Využití gelu s vyšší koncentrací heparinu v chirurgické praxi

MUDr. Marta Kudláčková CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 198-200  

Specific treatment of migraine

MUDr. Jiří Mastík

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 188-191  

Introduction of triptans, specific selective agonists 5-HT1B/1D receptors, represent a significant progress in acute treatment of migraine. Triptans found a broad application in the treatment, especially for moderate and severe migraine attacks, significantly shortened average length of migraine attack. When compared to non-specific antimigraine drugs, triptans lead to the economical savings. Differences in efficacy and safety among the triptans make the individually tailored therapy possible.

Současná farmakoterapie arteriální hypertenze

MUDr. Filip Málek, doc. MUDr. Rudolf Špaček CSc

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 192-194  

Ambulantní internisté drží královnu medicíny pohromadě

Mgr. Iva Daňková

Interní Med. 2007; 9(4): 202